How Nigeria Can Reap Benefits Of Space Technology

As reported by the Guardian: An expert has pointed out how Nigeria can become one of the world’s 20 largest economies by the year 2020.

The key, according to Prof. Tunji Ibiyemi of the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Ilorin, is research on transforming raw materials to finished products.

Ibiyemi said no country can achieve development by giving out its raw materials cheaply to other countries only to buy from them finished products. Nigeria, he noted, is still in the category of nations that more or less throw away their raw materials.

The professor spoke in Abuja while delivering a lecture titled: ‘Prospects of Communications Satellite in Nigeria’s Vision 2020’, in commemoration of 50 years, since the launch of the world’s first communication satellite, Syncom2.

Ibiyemi, whose research interests include Biometric Signal Processing, Telecommunications (satellite and GPS), Software Engineering, and Embedded System Design, said the global carrier of the raw materials of knowledge economy is the satellite and the transformation process of raw materials to product is via human capital development.

 He said if Nigeria is serious about realizing the Vision 20: 2020 goal, then space technology and human capital development must be taken very seriously.

 Ibiyemi said a lot is achievable if government is committed to adequate funding of space technology and embarks on aggressive space technology development and human capital development.

 He advised the National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA) to establish a factory for the production of satellite parts.

The Director General of NASRDA, Prof. Seidu Onailo Mohammed, said there are approximately 1,107 satellites providing civilian communications and another 792 supporting military communications.

Mohammed said the communications satellite industry is a multi-billion dollar affair that gives high returns on investment.

He called on the private sector in Nigeria to invest in the sector, noting that 2011 alone yielded a return of $90b.

The DG noted that with a projected population of 392 million in the West Africa sub-region by 2013, Nigeria cannot afford to stand aloof.

“This is an opportunity for us to do research and know that Nigeria has opportunity in communications satellite. The population of West Africa is estimated to be about 390 million by 2013. That is enough opportunity and the private sector in Nigeria must key in to create jobs for our people and fast-track development technology in this part of the world.”

This year world’s communications satellite day marked the 50th year when the historic telephone conversation between the then American President John Kennedy and Nigerian Prime Minister Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, was recorded through Syncom2.

The launch of Syncom2 on July 26, 1963 symbolized the beginning of technological revolutions across the globe through the application of space science technology.

This event laid the foundation for Nigeria’s interest in space program, which culminated in the launch of its first communications satellite, NIGCOMSAT-1, 44 years later.

Coca-Cola Israel Provides Personalized Billboards with Geofence Technology

As reported by Media Bistro: After their global campaign in which people could buy personalized Coke bottles and cans, Coca-Cola Israel and Tel Aviv-based Gefen Team built a campaign around personalized billboards.

Users downloaded a special app, then entered their name. Using geofence technology, the billboard would sense the user’s nearness (using the GPS data from their smartphone, and the known GPS location of the signs) and display their name. Each user would receive a message notifying them their name was splashed for the street to see.

Coca Cola used Israel’s “main billboards,” meaning users would see their names in lights more than once. And no matter how finite, people love fame: during the campaign period, the app reached 100k downloads and ranked #1 in Israel’s app store.

It seems like an elementary gimmick, but it’s got new-technology legs and exciting potential. Maybe the next brand to use these billboards will display a full message, making commuters’ life that much more fun:  or maybe it's just the next step toward the 'Minority Report' like futuristic ad systems we will all come to know in the near future.

New atomic clock's precision 'groundbreaking'

As reported by CNN: If you follow scientific developments as if they were football games, this would be a good time to cheer "Tick-tick-tick-tick! Tick-tick-tick-tick! Go, clock, go!"

The reason for such enthusiasm? Researchers have released a study in the journal Science describing what they believe is the world's most precise clock.

You'd never need this level of precision for getting to work on time, but the clock could be used for scientific exploration and technological advancements in areas such as navigation systems, said study co-author Andrew Ludlow, researcher at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder, Colorado.

The rate of ticking of this timepiece -- known informally (and awkwardly) as the ytterbium optical lattice clock -- does not change by more than one part in 10^18, Ludlow said. In other words, if there is any variation in how a second is measured, it would be in about the 18th decimal place.

"The ytterbium optical lattice clock has demonstrated a groundbreaking, new level of clock stability," he said. "One could say that this is like measuring time over a hundred years to a precision of several nanoseconds."

How clocks work
Inside a clock is a mechanism that changes in some regular way, called an oscillator. Imagine, for example, a grandfather clock, whose pendulum swings back and forth denoting time. In a wrist watch there is often a crystal with an electrically oscillating signal.

Measurement between two ytterbium optical lattice clocks.  The researchers
built these clocks by trapping thousands of ytterbium atoms at high density.
Then they measured the activity of these atoms, which were kept at very cold
temperatures, using lasers.  This image shows how laser light, which is
pre-stabilized to an optical cavity, is used to independently excite two
ultracold ytterbium samples, each held in an optical lattice.  When comparing
the activity of the ytterbium atoms between the two samples (or clocks), the
researchers found very little differentce in ticking frequency between the two.

A particular number of "back and forths" corresponds to one second.

An atomic clock makes use of an electromagnetic signal -- in other words, light emitted at an exact, known frequency. At the core of the system, there is an atom. The light is used to excite an electron in the atom.

In this model, the excitation and de-excitation of an electron corresponds to a pendulum swinging right to left, but in an atomic clock, the "tick" denotes an unimaginably tiny fraction of a second.

The current gold standard for time is the cesium clock, a type of atomic clock that an international body of experts has used to define what is the unit of one second: About 9.19 billion oscillations. In this clock, a microwave light source is used to excite electrons in cesium atoms.

But the new atomic clock at NIST, described in the Science study, uses a different element: Ytterbium, atomic number 70. Optical light -- specifically, yellow light from a laser with a wavelength of 578 nanometers -- is used to excite the electrons of ytterbium atoms.

Whereas scientists talk about billions of oscillations per second in the cesium clock, oscillations per second in the ytterbium clock approach one quadrillion per second, Ludlow said.

The new clock is akin to a ruler that has markers for fractions of inches, compared to a ruler that only delineates inches. The first instrument would make more precise measurements.

The lattice of laser beams traps small numbers of
ytterbium atoms in pancake-shaped "wells."  A
yellow laser excites the atoms so that they switch
between lower (blue) and higher (yellow) energy
levels.

"You divide time into finer and finer intervals," Ludlow said.

In order to establish the precision of this clock, the scientists had to make two of them, to confirm agreement in the measurement of time.

The devices won't fit on your wrist, or even on your wall. Because of all the laser equipment and technology necessary for this level of precision, the atomic clock and all of its components occupy a space about the size of a dining room table, Ludlow said.

Efforts are under way to shrink the technology, however, particularly so that a version of it might be sent into space.

Potential uses
Researchers studying Einstein's theory of general relativity could make use of this clock to more precisely measure how time is different depending on the surrounding gravitational force.

Global positioning systems (GPS) already take this into account. Because they are farther from Earth than we are, and therefore experience less gravitational pull, their measurement of time as they orbit Earth is slightly different from what we perceive on the ground. A more precise atomic clock could measure the correctional factors even better.

Such clocks could also test alternative theories about the relationship between time and gravity.

There could be other applications for navigation and communications systems.

But you probably won't want one for your alarm clock. Ludlow said the total cost ranges on the order of a half-million dollars.

Accuracy
Although scientists have proclaimed that this is the world's most stable clock, they do not yet know as much about its accuracy. This is a subtle but important difference: The ytterbium clock has demonstrated incredible stability of measurement -- it always measures a second in the same way -- but we do not yet know if what it is measuring is a "true" second.

So, we'll have to wait to find out whether these clocks could be the most accurate in the world.

More research is needed. It's a story we hear time and time again.

If you could visualize Wi-Fi, what might it look like?

Wi-Fi is an energy field that is transmitted as waves.  This image
shows an idealized Wi-Fi data transmitted over a band that is
divided into different sub-channels, which are shown in red, yellow
green and other colors spanning the visual spectrum.

 As reported by the NY Daily News: Wherever we move around in a city, our bodies are passing through hundreds of electromagnetic waves. Artist and researcher Nickolay Lamm at MyDeals.com brought Wi-Fi, a certain type of wave, to life in these colorful images.

“I feel a lot of us take technology for granted and use it without appreciating the science that makes it work,” Lamm said in an email to The New York Daily News.
Lamm teamed up with Marilyn Vogel, a science professor at the National Hispanic University in San Jose, to help him visualize the invisible.

Data-transmitting waves, whether they come from radios, cell phones, or computers are essentially disturbances in our natural electromagnetic fields. The crest of Wi-Fi waves are understood by a computer as a 1. The troughs are equivalent to a 0. Ultimately, these chains of 1s and 0s form an intricate pattern that is then translated into the letters, numbers, and codes that make up websites.

Although color represents its own unique visible segment of the
electromagnetic spectrum, Lamm used red, orange, yellow, and other
colors to show the invisible Wi-Fi channels that make up the overall
Wi-Fi signal.  Wi-Fi fields are usually spherical or ellipsoidal.

“It’s kind of like a barcode,” Vogel told The New York Daily News. “It’s not really a pattern that the eye can detect, but a computer can.”

Wi-Fi waves are three to six inches from crest to crest--not as long as typical 'radio waves', but definitely not as short or as destructive as microwaves.

Routers, instead of sending out a single wave, take a range of wavelengths, chop them up and transmit them simultaneously. The average home Wi-Fi signal can project up to about 30 feet. They can pierce through walls easily, but water is an impediment. Plants and foliage can sometimes impede Wi-Fi signals.

The Wi-Fi that is available in public spaces is much more powerful and can transmit signals up to 150 feet. These boxes are everywhere in the modern city — strapped to trees, buildings, and lampposts.

That means that even though we can never see them, we are surrounded by these waves of data all the time.

Wi-Fi routers affixed to buildings, lamp posts and other objects
create a circular data field around them.  These antenna have an
omnidirectional signal that ideally extends equally in all
directions - until it is absorbed, reflected or 'canceled out'.
Cancellations or collisions between reflected waves - also called 'nulls'
 are like small holes in the overall network of electromagnetic
fields that comprise the Wi-Fi signal.

And since there is increasing demand among consumers for more connectivity, the amount of data in the air will just keep increasing.

Vogel says the takeaway from these images is about how humans play with the physical world to meet an increasing demand for digital connection. Consumers want access to more data and higher speeds.  But there is a limited amount of space on the electromagnetic spectrum and tech companies are fighting for spots.

“Given that the range of electromagnetic spectrum over which Wi-Fi can be transmitted is limited, the question is how we will meet increasing consumer demands for high speed data.”

Qualcomm Selling Omnitracs Transportation and Logistics Business

As reported by Truckinginfo: Qualcomm announced it has signed a definitive agreement to sell its Omnitracs subsidiary to Vista Equity Partners, a U.S.-based private equity firm.

Omnitracs was a pioneer in in-cab communication, developing one of the first widely used satellite tracking and communications system for truck fleets, and today offers a variety of fleet management and telematics solutions.

The acquisition will include all of Omnitracs operations in the United States, Canada and Latin America, including Sylectus and FleetRisk Advisors, which were acquired by Omnitracs in 2011.

Vista will purchase Omnitracs for $800 million in cash. The deal is subject to federal anti-trust review and approval. Qualcomm says the acquisition is expected to be completed during the first quarter of its 2014 fiscal year.

Vista chose to acquire Omnitracs because of its strong position, product offerings, loyal and satisfied customers, and its highly talented and devoted employees, said Qualcomm in a statement.

“Leveraging its experience with numerous other vertically oriented software companies, Vista is uniquely qualified to help position Omnitracs for continued growth and will enable the company to strengthen and expand its product offerings.”

“We are long-term investors in enterprise software, data and technology-enabled businesses that are committed to being leaders in their fields,” said Robert Smith, chief executive officer and founder of Vista Equity Partners, in a statement.

Vista Equity Partners currently invests over $7.1 billion in capital in technology-based organizations.

“Today, the opportunity for fleet management and telematics is evolving rapidly, and we believe Omnitracs is well positioned to continue its leadership position as a stand-alone entity,” said Derek Aberle, executive vice president and group president, Qualcomm Inc.

Bluetooth wallet alarms when cards disappear or the wallet is stolen

As reported by Fine Extra: A US start-up has taken to KickStarter to fund its Bluetooth smart wallet which links to the owner's phone and alerts them if their payment card is not returned.

The 3mm thick aluminium Ping card holder connects to iOS and Android phones (with Bluetooth 4.0 capability) and sends an alert reminding the user to put their card back in the wallet after each use.

The wallet also has a built-in speaker which beeps if someone takes it or the user's phone. If the wallet and phone lose connection, Ping not only sends out an alert but records the last known GPS location.

The wallet has a range of about 100 feet and the battery lasts for up to two years, after which it needs to be replaced for a "very small fee".

Having built working prototypes the inventors have taken to KickStarter to raise funds for full production, so far raising around $8,700 of their $30,000 target. When it goes on sale it will retail for $79.

Why Some Mobile Apps are Using Sound for Pay-by-Phone

Startups are using sound waves to let mobile gadgets transfer
data quickly and efficiently.

As reported by MIT Technology Review: Next time you take a taxi in New York City, there may be a new way to pay your fare. Instead of handing over cash, swiping a credit card, or—if you’re one of the few with a capable smartphone—tapping your handset on a near-field communication (NFC) reader, you could be able to settle up by pressing a button on a smartphone app that communicates using sound.

The new app, called Way2ride, is free for iPhone and Android from the payment service company VeriFone, which already provides payment processing systems for more than half of the city’s 13,000 yellow cabs. VeriFone recently acquired the underlying technology, called Zoosh, from a startup called Naratte (see “Ultrasound App Lets Almost Any Phone Pay”).
VeriFone is one of a number of companies using sound waves to transfer small amounts of data over short distances, which could make it easier to transfer money electronically, among other things. A well-funded stealth startup called Clinkle is said to be doing something similar (a spokeswoman for Clinkle had no comment for this article).

VeriFone's Way2ride application lets New Yorker's pay for a cab
by tapping their phone using sound.

VeriFone’s Way2ride app allows your phone to pick up an inaudible sound signal containing a unique code broadcast by a speaker in each taxi. The app sends this code to Way2ride servers, where it is matched with your cab, and your preset payment preferences are then sent to the cab over a cellular network and displayed on a backseat console. If you haven’t selected the auto-pay option, you can choose which card in your virtual Way2ride wallet to pay with and set a tip.

Zoosh could make its way into other payment terminals in the near future. “Anywhere we have a speaker and an entertainment system, like a gas station or in a taxi, it can work with that technology,” says Jason Gross, vice president of strategy and marketing for VeriFone Media, which is a unit of VeriFone.

The general premise isn’t new at all: it’s analogous to the tones traditional telephones emit when a call is placed over analog lines. Years later, we have much faster (and quieter) Internet connections, as well as short-distance communication systems like NFC and Bluetooth. However, some companies believe sound-wave data transfer is a good alternative because two of the prerequisites—a speaker and a receiver—are already so widespread, and the technology doesn’t require any special hardware or device pairing. That could make it easier for consumers around the world, including the millions who do not have smartphones, to do things like buy and sell goods locally. Sound can also be used as a simple way to let completely different devices communicate, which is becoming increasingly important as we split time between an ever-growing number of gadgets.

Another startup, Animal Systems, offers an app called Chirp that uses sound to let users share photos, links, and notes with friends; it could also be used to retrieve coupons in a store. While the method works only over short distances and can’t reliably move much data at a time—Animal Systems CEO Patrick Bergel says his startup aims for 97 percent success at ranges of three to four feet—the use of sound waves may at least serve as a useful intermediate technology. “It seemed like there was a sort of secret network waiting to be used,” Bergel says of the rise of sound as a data-transfer method. He says Animal Systems may also open up its technology to outside developers.

Sonic Notify (see “Startup Sends More than Music through Speakers”) has a technology called Adomaly that plays high-frequency sound waves through speakers or small dedicated beacons, which send a trigger to your phone. If your handset already has an appropriate app and you’ve opted to receive location-specific messages, the trigger prompts the phone to take an action. This could mean connecting to a server and grabbing a coupon for a product in front of you when you’re in a store, or accepting an invitation to a special event while you’re watching TV. Sonic Notify can also use low-power Bluetooth to communicate with users even if they haven’t paired their devices, but this version of Bluetooth is still not very widespread. Unless you’re using sound, “to get a large volume of people now and not three years from now, you really don’t have any other option,” says Sonic Notify’s CEO, Aaron Mittman.

Others are already developing tools to make it easier to communicate with sound. Boris Smus, a Google engineer, recently released an ultrasonic networking JavaScript library called Sonicnet.js, which uses the Web audio API to allow users to transmit and receive data via sound waves. So far, a handful of people are trying it out, he says, and though he’s not yet sure what results this will yield, he does feel it’s important. “The problem of multiple devices together in our close personal area network is a big problem to solve,” he says.

Yankee Group analyst Carl Howe says there’s “huge potential” for such technology because phones of all kinds are already primed to use it, which is not the case with NFC. However, he thinks it will have to be easy to use—perhaps a system enabled by something similar to the dedicated low-power processor on the new Motorola X smartphone, which is always on and listening for specific voice commands (see “Motorola Reveals First Google-Era Phone, the Moto X”). “There are pluses and minuses—audio clearly is going to be a tougher technology to use on a crowded conference floor than an electronic radio technology,” he says. “But it really depends on the environment and the application.”