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Monday, August 19, 2013

If You Remember 'Peak Oil' And 'Peak Wireless Spectrum,' You're Laughing Now

As reported by Forbes: What do the wireless radio spectrum and fossil fuels have in common? Both were repeatedly predicted to run out. But both have kept growing thanks to continuous innovation.

The Wireless Crisis that Never Happened
Technology Review noted in November 2012 that just two years earlier, the U.S. Federal Communications Commission chairman and AT&T executives saw a looming crisis: wireless was running out of spectrum. Examples included the servicing of sports events and stadium concerts where thousands of photos were being snapped, videos recorded, and emails/texts sent. But while the FCC and AT&T weren't looking, short-range Wi-Fi stations came to the rescue, operating in unlicensed parts of the radio spectrum. Wi-Fi enabled much of that traffic to move over high-capacity land lines, completely bypassing the precious wireless spectrum. Additionally coming to the rescue were smart new devices that sense available frequencies and shift between them to avoid interfering with other devices (see, for example, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_radio). AT&T now acknowledges that the crisis never happened.

Ironically, bandwidth scarcity is created – artificially – by the very FCC policies that were designed to efficiently allocate it. Airwaves reserved for TV stations and federal agencies still go unused, according to Tech Review. Fixed allocations cannot keep up with innovation, and no one can reliably predict in which directions and along what paths technology will evolve. According to a 2007 report of the International Telecommunication Union and the World Bank, “…past and current regulatory practices have delayed the introduction and growth of beneficial technologies and services or have artificially increased costs. As a result, there is a renewed emphasis on … more light-handed market-based regulation.” That’s good. Microsoft’s Spectrum Observatory monitors which frequencies are being wasted by such regulations. Among their goals is extending the success of unregulated short-range Wi-Fi to wider-area broadband parts of the spectrum.

From Massive Shortage to Oil Independence
Similarly, as recently as 2010, the U.S. military warned of massive oil shortages by 2015. The U.S. Joint Forces Command warned that “by 2012, surplus oil production capacity could entirely disappear, and as early as 2015, the shortfall in output could reach nearly 10 million barrels per day.”

Somehow their intelligence missed hydraulic fracturing (fracking) and horizontal drilling of shale, which in recent years have opened up many previously unprofitable oil and gas reserves. As a result, shale went from supplying 1% of U.S. natural gas in 2000 to 25% in 2011, according to the National Center for Public Policy Research. North Dakota has gone from being a minor producer of oil to second only to Texas, surpassing Alaska. The U.S. is now expected to halve its reliance on imported oil by the end of this decade and could end it completely by 2035, some analysts say.

These game-changing innovations in radio spectrum capacity and oil and natural gas production have occurred in relatively unregulated segments of their respective industries. In the case of wireless, as mentioned above, the innovations are in unlicensed parts of the spectrum and in the devices themselves. In oil and gas, fracking is regulated more by the states, less by the Environmental Protection Agency. Individual states can be sensitive to intra-state variations in geology and hydrology of shale formations, in contrast to EPA one-size-fits-all regulations.

Trust in Freedom
FCC predictions about wireless and U.S. military predictions about fossil fuels went wrong very quickly. Both organizations flinched. They lost faith in free markets to broadcast demand and create incentives through rising and falling prices; and in free people to respond to those incentives to address shortage and scarcity. Julian Simon recognized this responsiveness in his 1981 book, The Ultimate Resource, which refers to human ingenuity to explore, discover, recycle, economize, and develop substitutes. Two new books update these ideas. The Infinite Resource: The Power of Ideas on a Finite Planet, by Ramez Naam, is more intimate, polished, and carefully reasoned. Infinite Progress: How the Internet and Technology Will End Ignorance, Disease, Poverty, Hunger and War, by Byron Reese, is the faster, lighter, more dramatic read. Both books chronicle advances in quality of life that only free people can produce.

Be wary of predictions about complex systems such as technology and natural resources. Trust in innovation and free markets.

Children and Smartphones: What's the Right Age?

As reported by Laptop: One of the biggest and most divisive debates among parents of young children and preteens deals with the age at which children should be allowed to have their own smartphone. The advent of kid-friendly apps and the ability to watch streaming videos in the palm of your hand have made the decision even more difficult for parents.

A recent survey conducted by mobile service provider Zact found that 56 percent of children ages 10 to 13 have a smartphone, while a shockingly high 25 percent of children ages 2 to 5 have a smartphone. But should children so young have access to their own handsets? And what is an appropriate age to own a smartphone?

We spoke with experts in the fields of child psychology and technology to help you decide when to finally cave and get your kid a smartphone.

How will the phone be used?
So, you’re sitting around the dinner table, and your 10-year-old brings up the subject of getting her own iPhone. Your immediate response may be to shut her down, deciding that she is too young for a handset, without giving it a second thought. But before you say no, you should question why she wants a smartphone in the first place.

“The real question is, ‘What is the phone for?’, not [at] what age the child should be using it,” said Dr. Pamela Rutledge, director of the Media Psychology Research Center. Rutledge — who focuses on the impact of media, social media and new technologies on children — recommends that parents look at the smartphone discussion from a practical standpoint.

“If the child is very active in team sports and there are a lot of logistics or emergencies, that is a very good reason to have a smartphone,” Rutledge said.

Of course, your son or daughter may simply want a smartphone for its social benefits. Rutledge said that at the fourth- or fifth-grade level, children today will start running into classmates who have their own smartphones. The desire to run in similar social circles as their classmates could make your children ask for their own smartphones.

The educational possibilities a smartphone presents should also play a role in any parent’s decision-making process. Proof of this educational potential exists in Apple’s App Store and the Google Play store, which offer apps that can help teach children everything from basic language-arts skills to calculus.

Emotional maturity required
The consensus among experts in the field of child psychology and development is that there is no universal age at which a child is ready for a smartphone. Rutledge noted that introducing your child to mobile technology at a young age will provide them with the kind of solid foundation they need to function in the increasingly digital world. However, she pointed out that parents should be attuned to their children’s emotional and physical maturity before handing them a smartphone.

“There are kids that work the phone very easily and some that it is going to be a frustrating experience,” she said. If a child becomes frustrated with technology at an early age, they may develop an aversion to it that can stick with them for quite some time.

Dr. Sherry Turkle, a professor in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Department of Sociology of Science, is a specialist on the psychological impact of computers and technology on children. She doesn’t believe there’s anything wrong with smartphones per se, but they can take away from the kind of face-to-face interaction children need to develop emotionally.

“Conversation with others is where children learn to have conversations with themselves,” Turkle said. “For kids growing up, that is the bedrock of development.”

Turkle believes that when people are capable of enjoying solitude, they put themselves in line for healthy interpersonal relationships down the road. Smartphones, she said, negatively impact people’s ability to be alone, as they will constantly try to contact someone when they are alone.

“Children must learn to be comfortable in their own company without having to retreat into a telephone or a game,” Turkle stressed. “These days, the minute people are alone, if only for a few minutes, they reach for a phone.”

Helping or hurting development?
Rutledge indicated that there is no evidence to suggest that smartphones impact children’s social development. There have, though, been studies that point to excessive screen time as being problematic, she said.

“There is also evidence that technology can provide very effective learning experiences, especially when children don’t have other types of positive cognitive and emotional stimulation,” Rutledge said. “This was the logic behind the development of ‘Sesame Street.’”

Michael Moyer, a father of one, said he tries to keep his iPhone in his pocket while he’s around his 2-year-old son. However, Moyer also admitted to using his handset as a distraction tool during particularly stressful situations. “We will give a phone to him in the waiting rooms of doctors’ offices, for instance; he’s scared of the doctor’s office,” he said.

Still, Moyer, who said he’d like to wait until his son is 6 or 7 years old before giving him a handset of his own, is skeptical of a smartphone’s ability to serve as a learning tool.

“Kids are wired to learn from other humans, not from animated displays,” Moyer said.

Middle school as middle ground
A former member of the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Council on Communications and Media, Dr. Kathleen Clarke-Pearson believes children entering middle school are at the point in their lives when they are becoming more independent. A smartphone, she contends, can ensure that distance doesn’t become too great.

“The cellphone provides access to parents and children,” said Clarke-Pearson, of the Chapel Hill North Medical Center in Chapel Hill, N.C. “It creates an opportunity for more communication, because the kids text the mother, saying, ‘I’m feeling sick,’ or ‘I’m feeling bullied’ or ‘The coach canceled practice, and I need a ride home.’”

“It’s part and parcel of this day and age,” Clarke-Pearson said. “It’s just part of the life of a middle schooler to have a cellphone.”

On the other hand, the experts we spoke with don’t condone giving a smartphone to a child younger than sixth grade. In fact, Clarke-Pearson told us it’s “not reasonable, sensible or developmentally appropriate” for children younger than that age to have a smartphone.

Turkle doesn’t have any specific guidelines, but she also urges parents to be cautious and use good discretion. “I don’t think there is a magic point, a ‘right’ age. But this is something that should be postponed as long as possible,” Turkle said.

Parents may be tempted to simply say “no” and not even discuss the subject with their child, but that tactic probably won’t work, Rutledge said. “Denying access not only doesn’t work, but it makes the activities more desirable,” she said.

Safety Precautions
Although there is clearly no firm answer as to when a child should get his or her first smartphone, experts agree that safety is paramount when a child does eventually get one.

A mother herself, Rutledge stresses that parents should have a conversation with their children outlining exactly what they will be doing with their phone.

“No child should use a smartphone or the Internet without being prepared with an understanding of the potential issues of privacy, permanence, searchability and netiquette,” Rutledge said.

“Look at it like a car: It can be very useful and very dangerous,” she added. “You don’t just throw them the keys; you teach them driving strategies and show them how to use it.

Rutledge said parents should create a contract with their children to discuss what the phone is for (and what it’s not for) and come to an agreement. Kids should also understand the implications of oversharing online. “There is no such thing as ‘private’ on the Internet,” she said.

To help prevent their children from sharing private information online, parents should implement parental controls on their children’s handsets. All of the major carriers offer parental controls that not only prevent children from visiting inappropriate sites, but can also keep them from sending texts or making calls to untrusted numbers.

Verizon’s FamilyBase service ($5 per month for up to 10 lines), which launched in July, allows parents to monitor the activity of each device on their account, set usage limits and block contacts they don’t want their children to call or text. AT&T’s Smart Limits for Wireless ($4.99 per month) and T-Mobile’s Family Allowance ($4.99 per month for as many lines as there are on the account) and MobileLife, offer similar features. Sprint’s Guardian ($9.99 per month for up to five lines) software offers all of the aforementioned benefits, while also helping to ensure teens don’t use their handsets while driving.

Bottom Line
Child-psychology experts don’t have anything against smartphones. In fact, they say these devices can be useful learning tools and can help parents stay in touch with their children. As kids approach middle school, most parents should feel comfortable giving Junior a device of his own, provided he demonstrates the necessary emotional maturity.

However, parents should sit down with their kids and teach them how to responsibly use their devices. Specifically, Clarke-Pearson said parents should discuss the dangers of sexting and sending photos of themselves, as well as how to act as good digital citizens.

Remember: Children will learn digital behavior by watching you. “If you don’t want your kid overusing their phones, honor the boundaries you want them to follow, Rutledge said. “Don’t bring your smartphone to the dinner table, don’t text while you drive and don’t ignore them while using the Internet.”   

Friday, August 16, 2013

Maryland schoolteacher creates art with GPS while bicycling

As reported by Watertown Daily Times: A Canton Maryland native has discovered a new hobby by drawing illustrations on city maps with his bicycle.

In search of a creative way to exercise, Michael J. Wallace, an eighth-grade science teacher at Gilman School in Baltimore, started sketching pictures on city maps, using the streets and roadways as boundaries for his art.  “I started doing this four years ago,” he said. “It began as me trying to spell my name. I wanted to see if it was possible to spell ‘Wally’ across the streets of Baltimore.”

Mr. Wallace then uses his sketched images as a bicycle route for him to track with a GPS system while riding.

“What I’ll do is print out a map of the area I’m going to try to create in,” he said. “Once I have something I really like, I’ll look at it in satellite view to confirm that a pathway even exists in the places I’m trying to go.”
After determining his ride plan, Mr. Wallace said, he rides his bicycle “like a giant Etch-a-Sketch,” mapping out his drawing through a GPS on his phone.

After each trek, the GPS shows him where in the city his workout took him, which appears on screen as the shapes of animals, fishermen, roller coasters or whatever else his drawing was. He then saves the image and downloads the picture he’s created.

“It’s a perfect fit for me, blending creativity with technology and exercise,” he said.

Mr. Wallace said he graduated from Canton High School in 1990, and after years of college, graduate school and teaching middle school science in North Carolina, he went to Baltimore, where he’s been for the past 11 years.

Although most of his 250 illustrations were created in Baltimore, Mr. Wallace mapped out five different illustrations here in his hometown, including images of a shark, a rat, a dog, the digits 13617 and the word “Bears.”

He also created an illustration in Baltimore of an owl in honor of one of his favorite places in his hometown, the Hoot Owl, 40 Park St. He also tracked an image of a train that he named the Hoot Owl Express.

Mr. Wallace said that he’s not always sure how long the rides will take him, especially the bigger routes.
His longest route left him with the image of a spider web across the city of Baltimore. The 44.69-mile route took him nine hours to complete. Some of his drawings take him through parks and tennis courts that sometimes have fences. To ensure the picture turns out, he said, he puts his phone through the fence, throws his bike over, jumps the fence and continues on his way.

Mr. Wallace said he is very careful to avoid private property while on his routes.
“The other day I went through a market in Baltimore where I had to lock up my bike, run my phone through the market, hide it on the other side, run back through the market, unlock my bike, ride all the way around the market, pick my phone up and that kept the line straight,” he said.

Mr. Wallace said although he was not the first person to use this technique as a form of exercise, he encourages others to be inspired by the illustrations he’s created and create their own.

“I disclose the entire process on my website, so anybody else can do it,” he said. “I encourage other people to try it because it’s a great form of exercise.”

Personal jet-pack gets flight permit for manned test in New Zealand

As reported by AFP: The New Zealand developers of a personalized jet-pack said Tuesday that aviation regulators have issued the device with a flying permit, allowing for manned test flights.

Martin Aircraft chief executive Peter Coker said the certification was a significant milestone in the development of the jet-pack, which the company hopes to begin selling next year.

"For us it's a very important step because it moves it out of what I call a dream into something which I believe we're now in a position to commercialize and take forward very quickly," Coker told AFP.
The jet-pack is the brainchild of inventor Glenn Martin, who began working on it in his Christchurch garage more than 30 years ago.

Inspired by childhood television shows such as "Thunderbirds" and "Lost in Space", Martin set out in the early 1980s to create a jet-pack suitable for everyday use by ordinary people with no specialist pilot training.

His jet-pack consists of a pair of cylinders containing propulsion fans attached to a free-standing carbon-fiber frame.

The pilot backs into the frame, straps himself in and controls the wingless jet-pack with two joysticks.
While the jet-pack's concept is simple enough -- Time magazine likened it to two enormous leaf blowers welded together -- fine-tuning it into an aircraft that is safe and easy to use has been a lengthy process.

Coker said the latest prototype, the P12, incorporated huge design improvements over earlier versions.

"Changing the position of the jet-pack's ducts has resulted in a quantum leap in performance over the previous prototype, especially in terms of the aircraft's maneuverability," he said.

Coker said a specialized version of the jet-pack designed for the military and "first responder" emergency crews such as firefighters should be ready for delivery by mid-2014.

A simpler model aimed at the general public is expected to be on the market in 2015.
The price of your own personal flying machine is estimated at US$150,000-250,000, although Coker said the cost was likely to come down over time.

It comes with a rocket-propelled parachute if anything goes wrong.

In May 2011, a remote control Martin jet-pack carrying a dummy pilot soared 1,500 meters (5,000 feet) above the South Island's Canterbury Plains as its creator watched anxiously from a helicopter hovering nearby.

The New Zealand Civil Aviation Authority said the jet-pack had now been issued with an experimental flight permit for development test flying, which allows someone to pilot the aircraft.

It said the test flights would be subject to strict safety requirements, with flights not allowed any higher than 20 feet (six meters) above the ground or 25 feet above water.

The flights are also limited to test areas over uninhabited land.

Vector Capital Sells Teletrac

Vector Capital recently sold Teletrac to Danaher Corp: a
multinational company headquartered in Washington DC.
Business Wire: Vector Capital has sold Teletrac Inc., a leading GPS tracking and fleet management software company, to Danaher Corporation. Teletrac provides a comprehensive cloud-based software as a service ("SaaS") platform to fleet operators. Teletrac's global network tracks more than 200k vehicles across 87 countries allowing fleet owners and managers to drive operational efficiency across their fleets.

Commenting on the transaction, Tony Eales, CEO of Teletrac, said: "Teletrac has established itself as the market leader in GPS tracking and fleet management software. Vector Capital has been a great partner in transforming Teletrac into a world class SaaS business through thoughtful investments to accelerate our product roadmap and go-to-market platform. As we look forward, Danaher is an ideal partner for our next phase of growth and for the long-term. We will enjoy the support of a global organization with a long track record of building market leading and operationally excellent brands. We believe this transaction will benefit our employees and customers, and will allow us to continue our long-term focus on service enhancement, innovative product development, and expanded market reach."

David Fishman, a Managing Director at Vector Capital, agreed, "We have had a very successful investment in Teletrac and partnership with the management team. We are pleased to have selected a buyer for Teletrac that will continue to invest in the company, its employees, and its products to further grow the business. Teletrac is the most recent example in Vector's long history of partnering with management to realize significant value by growing and significantly transforming technology companies."

About Teletrac Inc.
Teletrac is a leading fleet management software company headquartered in Southern California. Providing a comprehensive cloud-based SaaS platform, Teletrac currently helps automate more than 200k vehicles across 87 countries in all industries. With over 500 global employees, Teletrac focuses on providing advanced GPS asset location, diagnostics, fuel efficiency, safety, compliance, scorecarding and business intelligence in a single powerful web interface. Learn more at www.teletrac.com.

About Vector Capital
Vector Capital is a leading global private equity firm specializing in transformational investments in established technology businesses. Vector identifies and pursues these complex investments in both the private and public markets. Vector actively partners with management teams to devise and execute new financial and business strategies that materially improve the competitive standing of these businesses and enhance their value for employees, customers and shareholders. Among Vector's notable investments are Aladdin Knowledge Systems, Cambium Networks, Certara, Corel, Gerber Technologies, RAE Systems, Register.com, SafeNet, Technicolor, Tidel, WatchGuard Technologies, and WinZip.

Thursday, August 15, 2013

iTRAK and Magellan collaborate on Navigation integration for GPS Fleet Tracking Systems

A view of the navigation and communication menus for the
Magellan Roadmate® Commercial terminal as implemented by iTRAK
Fleet Executive (iFE).
iTRAK Corporation a leading provider of GPS/GNSS-based wireless fleet tracking, digital mapping, and vehicle reporting software solutions announced a collaborative effort with MiTAC Digital, manufacturer of the popular Magellan® professional and personal navigation devices to provide integrated fleet tracking and navigation systems; that combined with a heavy duty engine interface will meet the new and emerging EOBR/ELD standards, while providing customers with the flexibility, efficiency and reduced liability required by today's professional carriers and heavy duty equipment operators.

The combined product will allow remote tracking of vehicles and handsets in the field, while integrating with the Magellan commercial product to provide in-cab navigation voice prompts and terminal text messaging. 

Mark Perini, Associate Vice President of Product Marketing for Magellan said: "Magellan is pleased to have iTRAK as a partner integrating the Magellan RoadMate® Commercial 5190T-LM  in their offer combining navigation, messaging and fleet tracking."  The integrated system provides fleet tracking using iTRAK's patented iTRAK® Fleet Executive™ (iFE) and WebApp systems to remotely track vehicles and handsets in the field, while integrating with the Magellan RoadMate® commercial product to provide in-cab voice navigation and terminal messaging through the iFE cloud-based application.
Magellan RoadMate professional in-vehicle navigation systems
will include free map updates, and traffic alerts for the life of
the system - as well as HOS tracking.

Among the features included in the product are the following:
5" touch screen: 5" hi-resolution WVGA screen makes viewing your map easier
Customizable Truck Routes: The system allows legal truck routes to be generated based on vehicle type, dimensions, weight, number of trailers and HAZMAT type (if any).  This information can be set up by the driver on the navigation device, or remotely through iFE.
iTRAK®  WebApp™ smartphone and
tablet software used to track vehicles
from the field
The truck road attributes can be turned off, so drivers can use the same navigation device in their personal passenger vehicles.
Free Lifetime Traffic Alerts: Real-time traffic updates sent directly to your GPS unit to avoid traffic jams and other delays.  Alternate routes are suggested by the system, conforming to the truck settings that are in place.
Multiple Stop Routing: Plan your trip with multiple stops in the order you want or automatically optimize for the most efficient route, saving time and money and improving customer service.
Hours of service tracking: The device supports driver log-in and capture of changes in driving status.  Authorized users of iFE are able to remotely view the changes. Multiple drivers can be supported on a single device.
Optional engine interface: Heavy duty J1939 interfaces are supported.  Engine data can be transmitted to the office by the iTRAK system. 
Extra-loud (93dB) speaker: Navigation instructions can be heard in the cab.

Example of a documented customer specific install.
Messaging to and from the vehicle: iTRAK Fleet Executive (iFE) sends messages that are displayed on the navigation device, and messages from the vehicle are generated on the Magellan RoadMate.  Canned reply messages can be defined to eliminate typing by the driver (when the vehicle is not operating).
Truck-specific POIs such as weigh stations and truck stops:  Truck stops can be filtered based on amenities, such as showers or certified scales.
Bluetooth: The navigation device includes Bluetooth capability, to pair with and serve as the speaker for a smartphone.
Affordability: The combined system and associated services will be priced at a substantial savings compared to the EOBR/ELD systems used for cost estimates by the U.S. Department of Transportation.
An installation diagram for the integrated navigation,
fleet tracking and messaging system.

The combined iTRAK/Magellan product will provide affordable and safe fleet tracking, communication and navigation functions for commercial trucking, service vehicles, government, sales fleets and much more.

iTRAK Corporation (formerly Data Burst Technologies) was founded in 1995 by the company President Thomas L. Grounds; as a developer of GPS-based wireless tracking and AVL systems. The company’s principal offices and network operations center are located in Colorado.  Video tutorials and testimonials can be found at: http://www.youtube.com/iTRAKcorporation.

The company’s flagship product, iTRAK Fleet Executive, is designed for commercial fleets of 5 to 50,000 vehicles, and runs as a web-hosted service or on-site enterprise system. The application is used by thousands of fleet managers throughout North America, and around the world. Its event-based transmission scheme dramatically improves tracking efficiency by sending more data when the vehicle is moving quickly and less data when the vehicle is moving slowly or stopped. Transmission triggers include distance traveled, elapsed time, and key events.

iTRAK Fleet Executive (iFE) has been embraced by decision-makers in diverse markets such as Construction Services, Plumbing/HVAC, Trucking, School Transportation, Landscaping, Towing & Recovery, Electrical Contracting, Waste Disposal, Auto Glass, and Public Safety agencies. The application is integrated with Bing® and Google Maps™ and has full mapping and geocoding capabilities for most of the world, as well as being translated into 9 languages. For more information, visit www.itrak.com. (iTRAK is a registered trademark and iTRAK Fleet Executive is a trademark of iTRAK Corporation.)

iTRAK® is a registered trademark of iTRAK Corporation.  iTRAK® Fleet Executive™ (iFE) and iTRAK WebApp™ are trademarks of iTRAK Corporation.  Bing® is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corp.  Google Maps™ is a trademark of Google Inc.

NFL to use GPS tracking devices during games, practices

A GPS tracking device, fitted into a pocket on the back of the jersey
 will collect information about
player location, distance traveled, and exertion levels.
As reported by the NFL:

The NFL is evolving in ways many never would have considered 10, 20, 30 years ago.

In an attempt to get the most out of its players, the NFL, in conjunction with all 32 teams, will "require players to wear non-obtrusive tracking devices in select practices and games," according to a league memo sent to the clubs on Aug. 1.

The tracking devices will use GPS functionality to monitor "positional and performance data," including speed, distance traveled, exertion levels and field locations.

Information such as this will help the NFL and its teams better evaluate the physical highs and lows any given player will experience during a game or practice, in hopes of being able to maximize performance.

Data collected from these devices will not immediately be shared with the clubs, as the league plans to work with the Competition Committee on how to best evaluate and distribute the information.

The Buffalo Bills have been using similar technology for close to a year, and feedback has been positive.

"They talk about the distance you covered and the explosiveness and how fast you're running," running back C.J. Spiller told BuffaloBills.com. "It's a good device to have."

According to the memo, it is likely that all players will be required to wear them "at some point over the next few seasons."